tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87121251318414266792024-03-06T00:35:06.661+08:00obsessive-compulsive disordernur_azianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08184434263185026917noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8712125131841426679.post-44191969827546762422011-12-10T17:41:00.005+08:002011-12-10T21:47:58.590+08:00Case Study<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 1em/1.4em Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">Some kids like to wash their hands, but Sarah does it too much. She wants to stop, but her hands just don't feel clean enough and she can't make herself turn off the water. Sometimes she scrubs her hands until they are red and raw. After eating, she feels she has to wash again.</span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 1em/1.4em Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">Because she spends so much time washing, Sarah has to rush to get to school on time. At school, she tries not to touch doorknobs or handrails, worrying that if she does she may catch a serious disease. Sometimes, Sarah gets behind in her classwork because she feels that she needs to keep checking it over and over.</span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 1em/1.4em Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">During a quiz or test Sarah checks and rechecks every answer and erases anything that isn't perfectly straight or neat. Sometimes she erases so hard it tears the paper, but she can't help it. Sarah gets a bad feeling that if everything isn't exactly right, something terrible may happen. All this worrying, checking, and fixing takes so long that Sarah hardly ever finishes the test before time is up. So even though she knows the work, she often gets an incomplete mark or even fails.</span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 1em/1.4em Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">Sarah tries so hard to hide her habits. She worries that she might be going crazy or that people would think she's weird if they knew what she was doing. Sarah knows that the time she spends washing and checking could be spent having fun with friends or doing her schoolwork, but she can't seem to stop herself. That's because Sarah has <strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">obsessive-compulsive disorder</strong> <strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(OCD)</strong>.</span></div>nur_azianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08184434263185026917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8712125131841426679.post-37922812530906017102011-11-27T21:02:00.066+08:002011-12-10T21:54:08.733+08:00What is OCD?<span style="color: cyan; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQSXeCKG7jdgF7z2_kTax5C6Glittvtsy_sU8GpZrD0EeN6C8LH109cyUaGlysU49AKeOBUrt-5pCY8PSNE_82I-gGpPjSj0UPFh8xpIeJOP1loU3N0TWCFhHy2PXl8i5mUtkn8Yhds7MS/s1600/Koc_disorder.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQSXeCKG7jdgF7z2_kTax5C6Glittvtsy_sU8GpZrD0EeN6C8LH109cyUaGlysU49AKeOBUrt-5pCY8PSNE_82I-gGpPjSj0UPFh8xpIeJOP1loU3N0TWCFhHy2PXl8i5mUtkn8Yhds7MS/s400/Koc_disorder.gif" width="400" /></span></a></div><div style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br />
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</span></span></span></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span><span style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">“I could not touch any doors</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> in public areas. I knew it did not make any sense, but I was afraid of getting germs that could kill me. I could not go out in public. If I thought I had touched anything, I would have to wash myself for hours. Sometimes, I washed so much until my skin would get red, raw as well as bleed”- patient with OCD</span></span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">OCD or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is </span><u style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">characterized</u><span style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"> by </span><strong style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">obsessions </strong><span style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">(instruisive, repetitive thoughts or images thet produce anxiety) or </span><strong style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">compulsions </strong><span style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">(the need perform acts or to dwell on anxiety).</span></span></div><ul><li><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">Obsessions can occur separately but usually they occur<strong> together</strong>.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">It can happen to everyone and <u>affects</u> both <strong>men</strong> and <strong>women </strong>equally, starting from childhood and adolescence.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">The <u>impact</u> of OCD on a person's life is remarkably <strong>high</strong> and it may affect every aspects of a person's life including the way a person thinks, feels and behaves.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">OCD is a psychiactric disorder that are troubled by <u>recurrent obsessions and compulsions</u> to the extent that they resulted in <strong>distress</strong>, <strong>occupy more than hour a day</strong> or significantly <strong>interfere with normal routines </strong>or <strong>occupational</strong> or<strong> social functioning</strong>.</span></li>
</ul><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;"><strong><strike>OBSESSION</strike></strong></span><br />
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<ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;"></span></b><span style="color: lime;">Obsessions is an intruisive and repeatative anxiety-arousing thought or image. </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">People with OCD may <u>realize </u>that the <strong>thought is irrational</strong> but he or she <u>cannot stop it</u>.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: lime; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">OCD can be <u>persistent</u> enough to interfere with daily life and can <u>cause</u> distress and anxiety. It may include the <u>feeling</u><strong> of doubts, impulses</strong> and <strong>mental images</strong>.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: lime; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">People with OCD will <u>repeate the behavior or action</u> <strong>frequently</strong> and it can be <strong>continuously</strong>. </span></li>
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</span></div><span style="color: lime; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"> They are <strong>six common obsessions</strong> that afflicting people:</span><br />
<ol><li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><em><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #990000;">Contamination</span></strong></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">- fear of contamination (eg: germ, dirt)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><em><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;">Doubting</span></strong></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">- fear of not having done a specific act that could result in harm (eg: turning off the stove, leaving the door unlocked)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><em><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;">Perfection</span></strong></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">- a need for ferfection (eg: the person may take an hour or more in order to make sure everything he or she do is perfect)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><em><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #990000;">Aggressive</span></strong></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">- fear of harming oneself and others people</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><em><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #990000;">Sexual</span></strong></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">- experiencing forbidden or unwanted sexual thoughts, images or urges.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><em><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #990000;">Responsibility</span></strong></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">- exaggerated feeling of responsibility toward something.</span></span></li>
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<strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #274e13; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><strike>COMPULSION</strike></span></strong><br />
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="color: magenta;"><strong><u>Compulsion</u></strong> was defined as <strong>the need to perform acts</strong> or <strong>to dwell on mental acts repetitively.</strong></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">It may lead to <b>distress</b> and <b>anxiety</b> if the behavior are<u> not perform or if it is not done 'correctly'.</u></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">People with obsessions usually end <u>up by engaging in extreme compulsions</u> or so called as <b>rituals</b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">However, acting out these compulsions <u>does not give them pleasure</u> but it may <b>reduce the feeling of anxiety and distress.</b></span></li>
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</span></div><div style="line-height: normal;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">They are <b>four common type of compulsions</b>:</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br />
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<ul><li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Washing or cleaning</span></i></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">- excessive in cleaning or washing.(eg: showering, bathing, brushing teeth, grooming a lot or having detailed toilet routines, cleaning household items or objects)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Compulsive checking</span></b></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">- (eg: checking door)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Ordering or arranging</span></b></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">- (eg: make sure that everything they do are just right and consistent with a specific rule such as bed sheets or notes on the desk)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Hoarding</span></b></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">- belief that they cannot throw things away. they worry that they may need that item that they throw or that item is irreplaceable (eg: mug, paper)</span></span></li>
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</div>nur_azianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08184434263185026917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8712125131841426679.post-24278599059703984302011-11-27T20:59:00.002+08:002011-12-09T11:31:43.511+08:00Islamic point of view on OCD<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Basically, there are six types of anxiety disorders. They include general anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, specific and social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The anxiety can be explained through three basic patterns across these six disorders. The first pattern involves fear aroused by an identifiable object or situation as in specific phobia, ASD and PTSD. The second pattern involves an anxiety that is unfocused as can be seen in panic disorder and GAD. Lastly, in OCD, anxiety is seen if the person does not engage in a thought or behavior that otherwise serves no purpose. In Islam, Muslims believe that spiritual elements play a vital role in anxiety disorders. Being away from Creator can be a major reason behind the anxious and scared feelings. Feeling of impurity can lead to development of OCD, or what is called as waswasah which mean unwanted thoughts which are whispered into the minds and the hearts of people by satan. This idea is prove throughout the qur’an and hadith. Allah said in surah An-Nas, “say, I seek refuge with Allah, the Lord of mankind, the King of mankind, the God of mankind, from whispers of the devil, who whispers in the hearts of one of men”. And Prophet ( PBUH) said that, ‘ shaytan comes to one of you and says, ‘who has created so-and-so and so-and-so?’ till he says ‘who has created your Lord?’ so, when he inspire such a question, one should seek refuge with Allah and give up such thought” (Al-Bukhari and Muslim, narrated by Abu Hurayrah). Thus, a Muslims can gain strength and control if he or she lives by his faith according to the guidance provide by the Creator and seek His protection through prayers as well as others good deed and stay away from bad things.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>nur_azianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08184434263185026917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8712125131841426679.post-10540533266499127902011-11-27T20:55:00.005+08:002011-12-09T11:44:54.185+08:00The relationship between the brain and Obsessive-compulsive disorder<div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“In one extraordinary case a patient performed his own psychosurgery. Solyom, Turnbull, and Wilensky (1987) reported the case of a young man with a serious OCD whose ritual hand washing and other behaviours made it impossible for him to continue his schooling or lead a normal life. Finding that his life was no longer worthwhile, he decided to end it. He placed the muzzle of .22 caliber rifle in his mouth and pulled the trigger. The bullet entered the base of the brain and damaged the frontal lobes. He survived, and he was amazed to find that his compulsions were gone. Fortunately, the damage did not disrupt his ability to make or execute plans; he went back to school and completed his education, and now has a job. His IQ was unchanged. Ordinary surgery would have been less hazardous and messy, but it could hardly have been more successful.” (Foundation of Behavioral Neuroscience, Eight edition, page 472)<span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> From the story mentioned above we can conclude that Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder that closely related with the physical of the brain. For some reason the young man has fortunately cure his disorder by accidently severe the part of the brain that made him suffered, and he did successfully without any report of infection or brain dysfunction which hardly achieved even with proper brain surgery-well of course he had undergo some operation after the attempt. The question rose is which part was cut and how does this help?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"> According to neuro-imaging studies, researchers found out that OCD is related to the anomalies along the frontal-subcortical brain circuit. The activity in this area exhibit increase activity in OCD patient compared to normal people. Treatment with drugs is the way to decrease the activities in the area.</span><span style="color: cyan;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOkOSvmlE-f2XqacgNvwYeguCXSc_WBR0LWk-liovUramkpVvkOSldaO1OCV-wC8YuDI1K_063Yhcu6lRYKGL7sM8GmK-thRuQfi4L8W5lD3H-XaoIGG14_4Q7cRTXq8SLgXl49N500Vda/s1600/cingulatomy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOkOSvmlE-f2XqacgNvwYeguCXSc_WBR0LWk-liovUramkpVvkOSldaO1OCV-wC8YuDI1K_063Yhcu6lRYKGL7sM8GmK-thRuQfi4L8W5lD3H-XaoIGG14_4Q7cRTXq8SLgXl49N500Vda/s320/cingulatomy.jpg" width="308" /></a><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: cyan; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> In the modern medical practice, psychosurgery is the last option in treating OCD. It is called cingulotomy (see link :</span></span><span style="color: purple;"><a href="http://www.cnsspectrums.com/aspx/articledetail.aspx?articleid=3594" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">http://www.c</span>nsspectrums.com/aspx/articledetail.aspx?articleid=3594</span></a><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"> The surgery will be carried out if the psychological therapies and pharmacological treatments had failed to treat. In the surgery, some part of the brain will be severe but it does not require an open skull operation. It uses a “gamma knife” to destroy the cingulum bundle which connecting the prefrontal cortex with the limbic system.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> The prefrontal cortex is the region which associated with the control of movement and more involved in formulating plans and strategies while the limbic system is a group of several brain structures involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation. By separating these two parts of the brain, it helps to reduce intense anxiety and the symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder. This is possible since the plan that processed in the prefrontal cortex does not influenced by the emotion because in most cases, the patient trapped in the OCD due to the pattern of cognitive impairment. For example obsession about being responsible for causing harm or failing to prevent harm which lead to checking compulsion and reassurance-seeking. He or she will “play” with the toggle or switch button for many times until he or she fell assured that the microwave oven already been switch off.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There are several more types of neurosurgery to treat this disorder. However, all this surgery cannot be undo. That’s why it is often be the last resort in treating OCD.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: cyan; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: cyan; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><o:p> <b>(see link:</b></o:p><b><a href="http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/581635_2" style="line-height: 200%;">http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/581635_2</a>)</b></span></div>nur_azianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08184434263185026917noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8712125131841426679.post-89521584718354755602011-11-27T20:45:00.006+08:002011-12-09T12:17:28.033+08:00The Diagnosis<div class="MsoNormal"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">OCD is classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) as an anxiety disorder. Based on DSM-IV, it says that for the person who suffers from OCD can be diagnosed to have the presence of either obsession or compulsion. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> <b>There are the 4 criteria for obsession based on DSM-IV:<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images are experienced at some time during the disturbance as intrusive and inappropriate and cause marked anxiety and distress. Persons with this disorder recognize the pathologic quality of these unwanted thoughts (such as fears of hurting their children) and would not act on them, but the thoughts are very disturbing and difficult to discuss with others.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The thoughts, impulses, or images are not simply excessive worries about real-life problems.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The person attempts to suppress or ignore such thoughts, impulses, or images or to neutralize them with some other thought or action.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The person recognizes that the obsessional thoughts, impulses, or images are a product of his or her own mind (not imposed from without, as in thought insertion).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Whereas for compulsion it can be based on 2 criteria through DSM-IV:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">An individual performs repetitive behaviours (e.g., hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (eg, praying, counting, repeating words silently) in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. The behaviours are not a result of the direct physiologic effects of a substance or a general medical condition.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">· The behaviours or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation. However, these behaviours or mental acts either are not connected in a way that could realistically neutralize or prevent whatever they are meant to address or they are clearly excessive.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5Ik3xY_pdZ0P7IpaIudQ8nazMU_FywBjFeIHZNfIg8k2YoIV7cucwYrYw0B07Q7LpJzg5jJZ_ukSUw8z55tc26S8F39BFrQ_B62Pj44K3QEGCkCLf98V91j558nXMnWsN0FivspwbrkkV/s1600/chickenmoon2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5Ik3xY_pdZ0P7IpaIudQ8nazMU_FywBjFeIHZNfIg8k2YoIV7cucwYrYw0B07Q7LpJzg5jJZ_ukSUw8z55tc26S8F39BFrQ_B62Pj44K3QEGCkCLf98V91j558nXMnWsN0FivspwbrkkV/s400/chickenmoon2.jpg" width="382" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>nur_azianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08184434263185026917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8712125131841426679.post-80590528194638690072011-11-27T20:37:00.006+08:002011-12-09T12:20:58.757+08:00The Symptoms<div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The following are the symptoms of OCD:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><ul><li><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> People with OCD are usually aware that the obsessions and compulsions are nonsensical, but, great effort, they cannot control them.<span style="text-indent: -24px;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> <span style="text-indent: -24px;">The obsessions and compulsions usually are not bizarre. They typically have possible or even ordinary content</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There is marked cross-cultural consistency in the themes of the obsessions and compulsions, despite heterogeneity in specific symptoms.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Some patients suffer mainly obsessions, others mainly compulsions, and still others both. Thus OCD can express itself as primarily a cognitive-affective disorder or primarily an executive-behavioral disorder.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The obsessions and compulsions can go on for hours. For example, a “checker” checks, but cannot be <i>sure </i>and has to check again and again. The question “what if?” dominates, and there is no behavioral closure. </span></li>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ_iXVhSs0S_vmebt5LaSWvWDQ_l4PspgfExkXUSv6XNBkqfIntOkR47wslx3h1F7L_uUHcLbu3ODcsm93O4myTCbmZ9rCHbrqMmIQeYYl0ZDFo1KbSEMV0LeqZmZXJW_vQbfkKK0Tnxqi/s1600/gwan71l.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ_iXVhSs0S_vmebt5LaSWvWDQ_l4PspgfExkXUSv6XNBkqfIntOkR47wslx3h1F7L_uUHcLbu3ODcsm93O4myTCbmZ9rCHbrqMmIQeYYl0ZDFo1KbSEMV0LeqZmZXJW_vQbfkKK0Tnxqi/s320/gwan71l.jpg" width="227" /></a></div><br />
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</div>nur_azianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08184434263185026917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8712125131841426679.post-29543021222180026692011-11-27T00:39:00.003+08:002011-12-09T11:03:30.320+08:00Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: inherit;">There are no available cures for OCD. In the past, there weren't even many available treatments for OCD. Today, a variety of very effective treatments are available to those suffering from the disorder. It is important to find the right therapy for you and to begin therapy as soon as possible. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7vdvDYXgnw5oA-hdUGxSTmzel5CdfWsWh3lqlKP0iiXOwDyE_ZDWR4yYpcehKRFwr15aI1yty4I86bEgkzLpDCeHNta5GPU6aIbzG-Gm6Prd51mT1xsZz1DUMyheHla1WV4OBwjfBDdxE/s1600/mindsoothe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7vdvDYXgnw5oA-hdUGxSTmzel5CdfWsWh3lqlKP0iiXOwDyE_ZDWR4yYpcehKRFwr15aI1yty4I86bEgkzLpDCeHNta5GPU6aIbzG-Gm6Prd51mT1xsZz1DUMyheHla1WV4OBwjfBDdxE/s1600/mindsoothe.jpg" /></a></div><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">1) Medical Treatments</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: inherit;">Medical treatments are available from your health care provider to help reduce your symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder. Medical treatments work best in conjunction with other therapies to reduce symptoms.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">2) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">SSRIs work to improve mood and reduce anxiety by boosting levels of serotonin in the brain. If you are suffering from OCD, it is likely that you have low serotonin levels, which may be contributing to the disorder. SSRIs are associated with few side effects and are safe long-term treatment for OCD.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">3) Tranquilizers</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Tranquilizers are sometimes prescribed to people with more severe OCD symptoms. Tranquilizers relax the muscles in the body, reducing compulsive urges. Tranquilizers may be habit-forming so they should only be used for short periods of time.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">4) Psychosurgery</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtu0sDhjITI-Mh4_CSAoEWMcWK01pSxek_aXkU6Xcl236OxZ93cvwc0PGllOFfKYDf_FgZe0mjW8ESnqZpG5NKgliENr60r-PPn-i8WYls2rFeM3t5CIehoebsArxWYf9vaVhgYVRCYSw0/s1600/psychosurgery.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtu0sDhjITI-Mh4_CSAoEWMcWK01pSxek_aXkU6Xcl236OxZ93cvwc0PGllOFfKYDf_FgZe0mjW8ESnqZpG5NKgliENr60r-PPn-i8WYls2rFeM3t5CIehoebsArxWYf9vaVhgYVRCYSw0/s1600/psychosurgery.jpg" /></a><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Psychosurgery is performed only in extreme cases in which OCD symptoms are debilitating and unresponsive to all other treatments of OCD. Psychosurgery has replaced the lobotomy procedure, which often produced unexpected brain damage and memory loss in patients. Psychosurgery involves severing or disabling certain parts of the brain with an electrode. Unlike the lobotomy, psychosurgery uses magnetic resonance imaging in order to select an appropriate place in the brain for surgery. More than a third of all psychosurgery patients report dramatic improvements in their OCD.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">5) Psychotherapy</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: inherit;">Psychotherapy is an extremely effective treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder. It should always be the first-line treatment for OCD, especially in children. Psychotherapy can be done one-on-one with a trained specialist or within a group setting. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the only proven form of psychotherapy for OCD.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXObSMpjPzAlP_ipymm_aDJvgDwahBO3O0ej7fIRZaWsL_4lukR1IXuo3cgN4vOAaYbgoGoNo62LFnuPGNqxUpbGYT3rap7Klkdz01wbitMtAMM65XkGF_lBVBCeFQVmqctCtScCjq4tWc/s1600/new-treatments-for-ocd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXObSMpjPzAlP_ipymm_aDJvgDwahBO3O0ej7fIRZaWsL_4lukR1IXuo3cgN4vOAaYbgoGoNo62LFnuPGNqxUpbGYT3rap7Klkdz01wbitMtAMM65XkGF_lBVBCeFQVmqctCtScCjq4tWc/s320/new-treatments-for-ocd.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: inherit;">Cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder is highly effective. It is a type of therapy that focuses on changing thought patterns by altering behavior. The patient will be gradually exposed to the obsession which causes fear and told not to engage in compulsive behavior. With increased exposure, the patient will experience less and less anxiety as she realizes that nothing bad is happening. After ongoing treatment, 50% to 80% of patients cease all compulsive behavior.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">6) Inositol</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: inherit;">Inositol is a naturally occurring isomer of glucose. It is part of the vitamin B family and is found in phytic acid, a component of fiber. When you consume phytic acid, the bacteria in your intestines release the inositol from the phytic acid. Inositol can naturally be found in nuts, seeds, whole grains and citrus fruits. But how does this help people with OCD?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkPpwxrXTCA8iTzRuJmIHQnIdfKG2N2hEqlTZEKzW8Mut4F2PnfpPA9lx2uvK42DIhmfv_-k9WsNyZE9P9bucuiNna28rTP6uP978l6RGAsaTNAeO2yxxqgX4Pxhl_-_5Cw0ZjmeO2Y14i/s1600/inositol.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkPpwxrXTCA8iTzRuJmIHQnIdfKG2N2hEqlTZEKzW8Mut4F2PnfpPA9lx2uvK42DIhmfv_-k9WsNyZE9P9bucuiNna28rTP6uP978l6RGAsaTNAeO2yxxqgX4Pxhl_-_5Cw0ZjmeO2Y14i/s1600/inositol.jpg" /></a></div><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: inherit;">Inositol has been found to work and help relieve OCD symptoms in much the same way as SSRIs. However, inositol does so without the same side effects, thereby making it an attractive alternative to conventional psychiatric medications. In clinical trials, patients who received 18grams of inositol showed a marked improvement in their symptoms, comparable to the results achieved by SSRIs, over those participants who received a placebo. While inositol has been shown to be effective in OCD sufferers who have already had a positive response to SSRIs, inositol should be avoided by women who are pregnant should.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">7) Cingulotomy <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: inherit;">Occasionally, surgical treatment of the cingulum may be beneficial to people who have severe symptoms and who do not respond to treatment. A cut is made between certain nerve fibers that trigger emotional arousal (cingulate gyrus) and the limbic system, which is involved in mood and intense emotion. About 30% of cingulotomies result in improvement. The procedure is relatively uncomplicated and is not thought to negatively affect memory, cognition, or intellect.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_ytulMrbwrCknO2rCSCQByYkSU5SJTpnseu3t3lqICGbXwLRdHRi93RS9wx231EZhxmnwwSl9fzvZOTjNfFXaYpyUb_U8mgwAVCQEqaGZaje3VewF3G6OJww2OFozfLuN-gUfy3cKDolO/s1600/obsessive+compulsive+cartoon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_ytulMrbwrCknO2rCSCQByYkSU5SJTpnseu3t3lqICGbXwLRdHRi93RS9wx231EZhxmnwwSl9fzvZOTjNfFXaYpyUb_U8mgwAVCQEqaGZaje3VewF3G6OJww2OFozfLuN-gUfy3cKDolO/s320/obsessive+compulsive+cartoon.jpg" width="285" /></a></div><br />
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</div>nur_azianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08184434263185026917noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8712125131841426679.post-59256040421686118182011-11-27T00:27:00.003+08:002011-11-28T23:06:44.781+08:00Treatment From Islamic Perspective<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">When Allah (swt) has given Shaitaan the power to inject his poisonous whispers in the minds and hearts of the people, He has also guided the mankind to defend themselves from them. We find in the holy Qur’an:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span></i></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: inherit;">“So when you intend to recite the Qur'an, seek refuge with Allah from Shaitaan, the<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifkEffvUtW7VLf461P6XUtG002__8obcfroX9WRmwMqkJp1i2WFDUbad_eRAdnyi13NexkV10hIpW1CHbdSg-zhxmIFbumForOk4eauBAB6viLI1l7BjiYn4ZKAksrImph9xHhInUSH0gK/s1600/quran.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifkEffvUtW7VLf461P6XUtG002__8obcfroX9WRmwMqkJp1i2WFDUbad_eRAdnyi13NexkV10hIpW1CHbdSg-zhxmIFbumForOk4eauBAB6viLI1l7BjiYn4ZKAksrImph9xHhInUSH0gK/s320/quran.jpg" width="320" /></a><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">outcast. Verily! He has no power over those who believe and put their trust only in their Lord (Allah). His power is only over those who obey and follow him (Shaitaan), and those who join partners with Allah. (16:99-100)</span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan; font-family: inherit;">“And deceive among them those whom you can with your voice... Verily! On my true<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">servants you would have no authority. Sufficient is your Lord as a guardian.” (17:64 65)</span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span></i></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: inherit;">“And whosoever turns away (blinds himself) from the remembrance of the Most<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: inherit;">Beneficent (Allah), We appoint for him Shaitaan to be a his intimate companion.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">(43:36)</span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">And the Prophet (saw) has said:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span></i></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan; font-family: inherit;">“Abu Hurairah (ra) narrated: the Prophet (saw) said: Allah (swt) has forgiven the<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Wasaawis that arise in the hearts of the people of my nation until one acts upon them or talks about them.” (Bukhari, Muslim)</span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">“Abu Huraira (r.a.) narrated: Allah's Apostle said, "Shaitaan comes to one of you and says, ‘Who created so-and-so and so-and-so?’, till he says, ‘Who has created your Lord?’ So, when he inspires such a question, one should seek refuge with Allah at such times and give up such thoughts." (Bukhari, Muslim)</span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In summary then, if one lives by his faith according to the guidance provided by the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Creator, seeks Allah's protection from Satan and their whispers, does not keep talking about or give in to these obsessions, and protects his mind and heart through the remembrance of Allah (swt), Allah will protect him from the evil effects of these offensive and threatening or obsessive thoughts, and will give him strength to keep them under control.</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiywesAKywtcFj9b42d6MJfr00-4jWCGbRH1j78DlhtJD959qQeIMWIgrg2119czAdYeRL79tmngg36pHwEoQyZxcCm9K9jN6ns0llyEeuk2uPkt7lnlMmflKoB9IxEJvmEYHBwAfvbrGAM/s1600/solat-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiywesAKywtcFj9b42d6MJfr00-4jWCGbRH1j78DlhtJD959qQeIMWIgrg2119czAdYeRL79tmngg36pHwEoQyZxcCm9K9jN6ns0llyEeuk2uPkt7lnlMmflKoB9IxEJvmEYHBwAfvbrGAM/s1600/solat-1.jpg" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Combining these teachings of Islam with the modern treatments of OCD, while treating believing client, has been found to be extremely valuable, effective and efficient. However, it loses its effect if the therapist and/or the client does not believe in these teachings, or is unwilling to live by his faith.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>nur_azianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08184434263185026917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8712125131841426679.post-30620528757353012922011-11-27T00:22:00.004+08:002011-11-27T00:31:19.721+08:00The Prognosis<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit;">Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a long-term condition that often starts in childhood. Researchers estimate that between <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">0.5-4%</span> </b>of children and teenagers develop the condition and between <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><b>30-50%</b></span> of adults with OCD say their symptoms first started when they were children. However, there have been few long-term studies into how children with OCD get on in later life. Researchers from the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London studied 142 children who had been treated for OCD over a nine-year period. 41% still had OCD by the end of the study and 40% had another mental-health problem instead of, or as well as, OCD. People who had been ill for longer when they first started treatment were more likely to still have OCD nine years later. Around half the participants were still receiving and/or felt a need for further treatment by the end of the study.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) may follow an acute, episodic, chronic unremitting, deteriorating or relapsing course. For some people the symptom type will remain unchanged, but for others the symptoms change over time. Intermittent, episodic disorder is more common in the early stages of the disorder whereas chronic illness is more common in the later stages.</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;">The response to treatment is usually good. For example, Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) has response rates of up to 85% in people who complete the treatment, but this may take several months. The response to drug treatment increases gradually over weeks and months and the benefits continue to accrue for at least six months and have been shown for up to 2 years. Resistant cases that require different types of treatment may take a year or more to achieve functional improvement.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-SG"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: lime; font-family: inherit;">A recent study of people with severe OCD showed that 6 to 8 years after treatment, approximately:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: lime; font-family: inherit;">27% no longer met the criteria for the diagnosis of OCD (i.e. were effectively “cured”)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: lime; font-family: inherit;">17% had mild symptoms<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: lime; font-family: inherit;">34% had moderate symptoms<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: lime; font-family: inherit;">24% had severe symptoms<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: lime;">Worse outcome was associated with longer duration of illness before treatment.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Therefore for people who are undergoing treatment, a short term award of 2 years is recommended, in order to give time to assess the response to treatment. For people who have received treatment but have responded poorly, a longer term award of 10 years is recommended, as it is possible that further treatments may be instituted in the future.</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"></div>nur_azianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08184434263185026917noreply@blogger.com1